Sunday, 11 September 2016

Dynamics of machines- Question Bank on Unit 3 - Friction in Bearings-10ME54

Question Bank on Friction in Bearings   Unit – III  
10 ME54 Dynamics of Machines (5th semester BE VTU)
Usually question in this unit consists of part a) which will be a theory or derivation and part b) will be a numerical problem.
Some typical Questions in part a) of question paper that appear or have appeared till now are:
1.                  Define static and dynamic friction and State Laws of dry friction.
2.                  Discuss the types of friction and laws of friction.
3.         Derive the expressions for frictional torque in a flat pivot bearing. Assume uniform pressure conditions.
4.                  Discuss briefly the various types of friction experienced by a body.
5.                  State the laws of (i) Static friction: (ii) Dynamic friction; (iii) Solid friction; and (iv) Fluid friction.
6.                  Explain the following: (i) Limiting friction, (ii) Angle of friction, and (iii) Coefficient of friction.
7.                  What is meant by the expression ‘friction circle’?
8.            Deduce an expression for the radius of friction circle in terms of the radius of the journal and the angle of friction.
9.                  From first principles, deduce an expression for the friction moment of a collar thrust bearing, stating clearly the assumptions made.
10.              Derive an expression for the friction moment for a flat collar bearing in terms of the inner radius R2, outer radius R1, axial thrust W and coefficient of friction μ. Assume uniform intensity of pressure.
11.              Derive from first principles an expression for the friction moment of a conical pivot bearing assuming (i) Uniform pressure, and (ii) Uniform wear
12.              A truncated conical pivot of cone angle φ rotating at speed N supports a load W. The smallest and largest diameter of the pivot over the contact area are‘d’ and ‘D’ respectively. Assuming uniform wear, derive the expression for the frictional torque.
13.              Derive from the first principles an expression for the friction moment of a conical pivot bearing assuming (i) Uniform pressure and (ii) Uniform wear.
14.              Derive an expression for ratio of tensions in flat belt drive.
15.              State the laws of dynamic friction.
16.              Derive an expression for frictional torque in a flat collar bearing assuming uniform pressure.
17.              Derive an equation to calculate the centrifugal tension in a flat belt drive.
18.              Explain: i) Slip, ii) Creep, iii) Initial tension and, iv) Centrifugal tension, in belt drive.
19.              Explain how centrifugal tension affects the maximum tension in the flat belt drive. Also derive the equation for centrifugal tension in a flat belt drive.
20.              Derive the expressions for frictional torque in a flat pivot bearing for uniform pressure and wear conditions.
21.              Derive the expressions for frictional torque in single collar bearings for uniform pressure conditions.
22.              Derive the expressions for frictional torque in flat collar bearings for uniform pressure and wear conditions
23.              Derive an expression for the ratio of tensions in a flat belt drive.
24.              Obtain condition for maximum power transmitted by a belt from one pulley to another.

Numerical Problems on friction in bearings
1.     Calculate the power lost in overcoming the friction and number of collars required for a thrust bearing whose contact surfaces are 20 cm external radius and 15 cm in internal radius. The coefficient of friction is 0.08. The total axial load is 30 kN. Intensity of pressure is not to exceed 3.5 x 105 N/m2. Speed of the shaft is 420 rpm.

2.    In a thrust bearing the external and internal radii of contact surfaces are 210 mm and 160 mm respectively. The total axial load is 60 kN and coefficient of friction is 0.05. The shaft is rotating at 380 rpm. Intensity of pressure is not to exceed 0.35 N/mm2. Calculate :
i)           Number of collars required for the thrust bearing.
ii)         Power lost due to friction.

3.         Find the power lost in friction assuming (i) uniform pressure and (ii) uniform wear when a vertical shaft of 100 mm diameter rotating at 150 r.p.m. rests on a flat end foot step bearing. The coefficient of friction is equal to 0.05 and shaft carries a vertical load of 15 kN.

4.         A conical pivot with angle of cone as 120° supports a vertical shaft of diameter 300 mm. It is subjected to a load of 20 KN. The coefficient of friction is 0.05 and the speed of shaft is 210 rpm. Calculate the power lost in friction assuming (i) uniform pressure and (ii) uniform wear.

5.         A load of 25 KN is supported by a conical pivot with angle of cone as 120°. The intensity of pressure is not to exceed 350 kN/m2. The external radius is 2 times the internal radius. The shaft is rotating at 180 rpm and coefficient of friction is 0.05. Find the power absorbed in friction assuming uniform pressure.

6.         In a collar thrust bearing the external and internal radii are 250 mm and 150 mm respectively. The total axial load is 50 KN and shaft is rotating at 150 rpm. The coefficient of friction is equal to 0.05. Find the power lost in friction assuming uniform pressure.

7.         A conical pivot bearing 150 mm in diameter has a cone angle of 120º. If the shaft supports an axial load of 20 kN and the coefficient of friction is 0.03, find the power lost in friction when the shaft rotates at 200 rpm, assuming (i) Uniform pressure, and (ii). Uniform wear.

8.         A vertical shaft supports a load of 20 kN in a conical pivot bearing. The external radius of the cone is 3 times the internal radius and the cone angle is 120º. Assuming uniform intensity of pressure as 0.35 MN/m2, determine the dimensions of the bearing. If the coefficient of friction between the shaft and bearing is 0.05 and the shaft rotates at120 rpm., find the power absorbed in friction.

9.         A plain collar type thrust bearing having inner and outer diameters of 200 mm and 450 mm is subjected to an axial thrust of 40 kN. Assuming coefficient of friction between the thrust surfaces as 0.025, find the power absorbed in overcoming friction at a speed of 120 rpm. The rate of wear is considered to be proportional to the pressure and rubbing speed.

10.     The thrust of a propeller shaft in a marine engine is taken up by a number of collars integral with the shaft which is 300 mm in diameter. The thrust on the shaft is 200 kN and the speed is 75 rpm. Taking μ constant and equal to 0.05 and assuming intensity of pressure as uniform and equal to 0.3 N/mm2, find the external diameter of the collars and the number of collars required, if the power lost in friction is not to exceed 16 kW

11.     A shaft has a number of a collars integral with it. The external diameter of the collars is 400 mm and the shaft diameter is 250 mm. If the intensity of pressure is 0.35 N/mm2 (uniform) and the coefficient of friction is 0.05, estimate: i). power absorbed when the shaft runs at 105 rpm carrying a load of 150 kN and ii) number of collars required.

12.     A conical pivot bearing supports a vertical shaft of 200 mm diameter. It is subjected to a load of 30 kN. The angle of the cone is 120º and the coefficient of friction is 0.025. Find the power lost in friction when the speed is 140 rpm, assuming i). Uniform pressure and ii) uniform wear.

13.     A conical pivot supports a load of 18 kN, the cone angle is 100º and the intensity of normal pressure is not to exceed 300 kN/m2. The external radius is 2.5 times the internal radius. Find the outer and inner radii of the bearing surface. If the shaft rotates at 1500 rpm and the coefficient of friction is 0.05, find the power absorbed in friction. Assume uniform pressure.

14.     A vertical shaft 150 mm in diameter rotating at 100 rpm rests on a flat end foot step bearing. The shaft carries a vertical load of 20 kN. Assuming uniform pressure distribution and coefficient of friction equal to 0.05. Estimate power lost in friction.

15.     A shaft has a number of a collars integral with it. The external diameter of the collars is 400 mm and the shaft diameter is 250 mm. If the intensity of pressure is 0.35 N/mm2 (uniform) and the coefficient of friction is 0.05, Estimate: i) Power absorbed when the shaft runs at 105 rpm carrying a load of 150 kN and ii) Number of collars required.

Compiled by N. S. SRIRAM, VVIET, Mysore

·         I acknowledge with thanks the contributions made by various teachers, students in the different websites, from which the above question bank materials have been compiled.


·         I thank all of them who made this compilation possible.

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